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Statistics

9^th grade - David Weiss, Ontario, Canada

CHAPTER FOUR EXPECTATIONS

- communicate solutions to problems in appropriate mathematical forms (e.g., written explanations, formulas, charts, tables, graphs) and justify the reasoning used in solving the problems.

- pose problems, identify variables, and formulate hypotheses associated with relationships (Sample problem: If you look through a paper tube at a wall, you can see a region of a certain height on the wall. If you move farther from the wall, the height of that region changes. What is the relationship between the height of the visible region and your distance from the wall? Describe the relationship that you think will occur);

- demonstrate an understanding of some principles of sampling and surveying (e.g., randomization, representivity, the use of multiple trials) and apply the principles in designing and carrying out experiments to investigate the relationships between variables (Sample problem: What factors might affect the outcome of this experiment? How could you design the experiment to account for them?);

- collect data, using appropriate equipment and/or technology (e.g., measuring tools, graphing calculators, scientific probes, the Internet) (Sample problem: Acquire or construct a paper tube and work with a partner to measure the heights of visible regions at various distances form a wall);

- organize and analyze data, using appropriate techniques (e.g., making tables and graphs, calculating measures of central tendency) and technology (e.g., graphing calculators, statistical software, spreadsheets) (Sample problem: Enter the data into a spreadsheet. Decide what analysis would be appropriate to examine the relationship between the variables - a graph, measures of central tendency, ratios);

- describe trends and relationships observed in data, make inferences from data, compare the inferences with hypotheses about the data, and explain the differences between the inferences and the hypotheses (Sample problem: Describe any trend observed in the data. Does a relationship seem to exist? Of what sort? Is the outcome consistent with your original hypothesis? Discuss any outlying pieces of data and provide explanations for them. Suggest a formula relating the height of the visible region to the distance from the wall. How might you vary this experiment to examine other relationships?);

- communicate the findings of an experiment clearly and concisely, using appropriate mathematical forms (e.g., written explanations, formulas, charts, tables, graphs), and justify the conclusions reached;

solve and/or pose problems related to an experiment, using the findings of the experiment.

- construct tables of values and scatter plots for linearly related data collected from experiments (e.g., the rebound height of a ball versus the height from which it was dropped) or from secondary sources (e.g., the number of calories in fast food versus the number of grams of fat);

- determine the equation of a line of best fit for a scatter plot, using an informal process (e.g., a process of trial and error on a graphing calculator; calculation of the equation of the line joining two carefully chosen points on the scatter plot);

- demonstrate an understanding that straight lines represent linear relations and curves represent non-linear relations.

CHAPTER FOUR

STATISTICS

Section	Title	Homework
4.1	Hypotheses, Surveys, and Inferences	p. 167 # 1-13, 15
4.2	Sampling Techniques	pp. 173-175 # 1, 2, 5, 6, 12-15, 21, 24-28
4.3	Bias	pp. 178-179 # 2, 4, 7-10, 14, 15, 17-19
4.5	Mean, Median, Mode, and Range	pp. 185-186 # 1-11, 13, 15,, 17, 20, 21
4.6	Stem-and-Leaf Plots	pp. 193-194 # 1-4, 6
4.7	Box-and-Whisker Plots and Percentiles	pp. 197-198 # 1, 2, 4, 5, 8
4.8	Broken-Line Graphs	p. 201 # 1-4
4.10	Scatter Plots	pp. 206-208 # 2, 3, 5, 6
4.11	Lines of Best Fit	p. 211 # 1-3
	Review	pp. 228-229

Name: _________________________________

CHAPTER FOUR: STATISTICS